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I'm Hazim Fouad and I'm a scholar of Islam

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at the Bremen State Office
for the Protection of the Constitution.

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I focus on Islamist movements, as well as
radicalisation processes and prevention.

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The terms "Wahhabism" and "Salafism"

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are sometimes used as synonyms,
but, actually, they're quite different.

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Could you explain how they are different?

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They are quite similar.

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Modern-day Salafism
derived from Wahhabism.

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So, one could say that Wahhabism
is a historical movement

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which originated in the Arabian Peninsula
in the 18th century.

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But, over the centuries,

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it has developed further
in many different ways

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and, therefore, present-day Salafism
is a bit different to Wahhabism.

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I'd like to mention two points.

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Modern-day Salafism doesn't support
the Sunni madhhab school of thought.

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It doesn't want to follow
one specific school of thought.

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Wahhabism was based on the Hanbali school,
which isn't the case with Salafism.

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Salafists follow the hadith,
which contains reports on the Prophet.

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Secondly, 20th-century Salafism
went through a political ideologization

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to show itself as being
a definite counter model

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to the western political models,

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such as liberalism,
capitalism and secularism.

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This political charging,
vis-à-vis the West,

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didn't exist in the 18th century.

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Based on these two distinctive points,

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it makes sense to differentiate
between these two terms.

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Why does Salafism want to distance itself
from the madhhab school of thought?

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Why the disassociation?

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It's assumed that the origin of Islam
can be found in its sources

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and that too many mistakes
have occurred within the madhhab

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and they simply want to skip
that interim stage.

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But that's not originally
a Salafist concept.

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An 18th-century Yemeni scholar
expressed the idea

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and the idea
reached Saudi Arabia via India,

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where it became socially acceptable
during the 20th century.

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So, there's a connection
between Wahhabism and Salafism.

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Is there any correlation
between these two movements today?

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Wahhabism isn't really
worth mentioning nowadays.

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In a way, one could say that Wahhabism

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is the Saudi form of Salafism.

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One could say that.

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I'd say it's more correct to use
the term "Wahhabism"

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to describe the historical movement

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and to nowadays use the term "Salafism"
in all its different facets.

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When people talk about radicalisation
today, they refer to Salafism,

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but some practitioners
also use the term "neo-Salafism".

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What's your opinion on that term?

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I think that it's quite a tricky term,
as, up until now, none of those who use it

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have actually explained
what they mean by "neo-Salafism"

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and what the difference
between Salafism and neo-Salafism is.

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Especially the fact
that Salafism itself,

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in its final form, is a product
of the second half of the 20th century

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poses the question
of what further developments

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have occurred within the movement
which justify the term neo-Salafism.

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I have yet to hear of any explanations.

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Thank you.